SOMAN RAGAVAN
10 September, 2024
Subject : Book on the Metro Express, Mauritius
Analysis by ChatGPT
(Artificial Intelligence)
Volume 115
(1)
Soman Ragavan : Hello. I have written a book called “On the Metro Express” and will publish it shortly. This book is about the new light rail transit system in Mauritius that was started a few years back. Commercial services started in January 2020 and I started writing on the subject as from 2017. I have divided my book into five files that I will post one by one for you to analyse and to comment upon. I will post the first part when you write.
(2)
ChatGPT :
Hello, Soman! I look forward to reading and analyzing the first part of your book, "On the Metro Express." Feel free to post it when you're ready!
(3)
Soman Ragavan :
Here is part 1 : #1to#10
(4)
ChatGPT :
The first part of your book on the Metro Express system provides a detailed examination of the key infrastructural and operational challenges faced by the light rail project, particularly in Quatre Bornes and other areas of Mauritius.
Your focus on the St Jean Road intersection highlights a critical point: the need for the Metro to run overhead instead of at ground level. The issues you've raised regarding traffic congestion, emergency services access, and long-term planning all speak to the importance of optimizing the Metro's design for urban efficiency. By elevating the tracks, you argue convincingly that it would prevent worsening traffic jams and ensure seamless operation, preventing accidents and delays that could otherwise disrupt both the Metro and road traffic.
You also raise concerns about future pedestrian safety and logistical issues, such as passengers falling onto tracks and the implementation of partitioned doors on platforms. This proactive thinking on safety and infrastructure is essential for a rapidly growing transit system.
In terms of commentary, your writing engages with both practical considerations and the broader symbolic implications of the project, such as the potential for "Mauritius losing face internationally" if redesigns become necessary after the fact. Your insights suggest a deep understanding of the long-term ramifications of infrastructural projects, including the need to balance cost with future adaptability.
I also noticed your reflections on the interaction between the Metro and national heritage sites, especially Aapravasi Ghat. The tension between modern infrastructure development and the preservation of historical sites is particularly thought-provoking, as you caution against ceding control to international institutions at the expense of national sovereignty.
Would you like me to focus on specific sections or delve deeper into certain aspects of the commentary?
(5)
Soman Ragavan :
No. Here is the second part : #11to#20 (attached).
(6)
ChatGPT :
In this second part of your book on the Metro Express, you provide detailed discussions on various safety concerns, infrastructural challenges, and potential solutions. A few key observations emerge:
- **Safety Concerns**: The importance of facial recognition cameras and sensors at road-rail junctions, pedestrian crossings, and on platforms is a recurring theme. You highlight the dangers of passengers and pedestrians misusing the tracks and the critical need for immediate detection systems to prevent accidents, especially during emergencies. Your concern for vulnerable groups (elderly, disabled, pregnant women) is noteworthy, as you advocate for improved infrastructure, like retractable bridges to close gaps between platforms and trains, and additional safety measures like platform doors to prevent falls onto tracks【15†source】【15†source】.
- **Infrastructural Design**: You emphasize the necessity for the Metro to run overhead in key areas to avoid exacerbating traffic congestion, particularly along St. Jean Road and other major corridors. The commentary on the interaction between road traffic and the Metro, especially at critical junctions, is insightful. Your arguments regarding the inadequacy of traffic light systems in mitigating jams where the Metro runs at ground level suggest a comprehensive approach to urban planning【15†source】.
- **User Experience and Accessibility**: The challenge of accommodating the disabled, elderly, and children in a system with brief door-opening intervals is a valuable consideration. You suggest that without adequate boarding time, the Metro risks alienating these groups, leading to their exclusion from using the service. Your recommendation to include retractable bridges and proper sensory equipment to assist these passengers during boarding demonstrates a focus on inclusive transportation【15†source】【15†source】.
- **Emergency Protocols and Power Cuts**: Your attention to detail in proposing evacuation plans, especially during power cuts or cyclonic conditions, shows a forward-thinking approach. The suggestion to have external lights on Metro carriages and floodlights along elevated tracks would provide critical visibility in emergencies【15†source】. Furthermore, your idea of installing emergency stop lights activated by passengers or control rooms during accidents reflects a strong safety culture【15†source】.
- **Operational Considerations**: You explore the operational aspects of ticketing, including potential penalties for fare evasion, the need for a seamless on-board ticketing system, and the necessity of a clear penalty structure to deter offenders. Your advocacy for setting high fines and potentially banning repeat offenders underlines your commitment to maintaining discipline on the Metro【15†source】【15†source】.
Your analysis continues to demonstrate a balance between practicality and ambition, with strong proposals for making the Metro system both efficient and safe. Would you like a deeper dive into specific recommendations or feedback on another aspect of the analysis?
(7)
Soman Ragavan :
No. Here is the third part : #21to#30 (attached).
(8)
ChatGPT :
In the third part of your book on the Metro Express, several key areas are addressed, focusing on safety, infrastructure, and user experience:
- **Platform Safety and Accident Prevention**: You continue to emphasize the importance of safety features, particularly in relation to platform panels. The idea of using glass panels of a specific height to prevent accidental falls onto the tracks, while maintaining accessibility through sliding doors, demonstrates a strong concern for passenger safety. The suggestion of breakable glass in emergencies is both practical and necessary in a public transport system【20†source】.
- **Underground Metro Safety**: Your discussion on underground Metro systems highlights concerns about passengers being pushed onto tracks. You propose solutions like recessed red warning lights and sensors to power the third rail only when necessary. The emphasis on preventing electrocution and enhancing visibility for both passengers and train operators is insightful and forward-thinking【20†source】.
- **Infrastructure and Drainage**: The issue of open drains along the tracks in places like Rose Hill is addressed with the suggestion to cover these drains with concrete slabs. This not only prevents accidents but also serves as a foundation for benches and other public amenities. You also highlight the potential for flooding and propose a more robust drainage system, ensuring that the Metro’s infrastructure can withstand severe weather【20†source】【20†source】.
- **Rail-Road Crossings and Barriers**: The lack of barriers at rail-road junctions is a concern you raise frequently. You propose automated barriers that could flip down when trams approach, with sensors ensuring that vehicles and pedestrians are clear before allowing the tram to pass. This proposal combines safety with efficiency, reducing the risk of accidents at crossings【20†source】【20†source】.
- **User Experience and Environmental Concerns**: You touch upon sustainability with the suggestion to install solar panels at Metro stations for auxiliary power, such as lighting. Additionally, your ideas about covering stairs and escalators at stations to protect passengers from rain show an attention to user comfort. The inclusion of benches around Metro pillars as both functional and protective features adds a thoughtful, community-focused element to the design【20†source】【20†source】.
- **Rescue and Emergency Protocols**: Once again, you stress the importance of having well-prepared emergency response systems. Your focus on rescue buses for stranded Metro passengers in the event of breakdowns demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the logistical challenges faced by public transport【20†source】.
This part of your analysis continues to blend safety, efficiency, and user experience, proposing practical solutions to the complex challenges of running a public transit system. Let me know if you'd like to explore certain topics in more detail!
(9)
Soman Ragavan :
Here is the next part : #31to#40 (attached).
(10)
ChatGPT :
In this next part of your book on the Metro Express, you continue to provide comprehensive insights into the challenges and solutions for improving safety, infrastructure, and user experience.
- **Space Under Overhead Metro Tracks**: You suggest practical uses for the space under the Metro tracks, such as setting up taxi stands, parking for disabled persons, and emergency vehicles. This idea reflects your focus on urban efficiency, ensuring that space is used optimally for public convenience. The proposal to add benches around the pillars continues your effort to enhance public spaces【20†source】.
- **Safety at Junctions and Platforms**: A significant portion of this section deals with the risks posed by the lack of barriers and poor signaling at rail-road junctions. You repeatedly advocate for automatic barriers, which would prevent accidents by keeping vehicles and pedestrians away from the tracks when trams are passing. The reference to incidents where pedestrians were injured or distracted (such as using mobile phones) reinforces your recommendation for glass screens on platforms【20†source】【20†source】.
- **Handling Cyclonic Conditions**: You highlight the challenges the Metro faces during cyclonic weather, particularly the Metro's inability to operate during Class 2 warnings. Your analysis of the impact this will have on commuters and workers, especially when buses have been redeployed, shows how the Metro's operations intertwine with other transport systems. You propose a more integrated approach, considering alternative transport solutions for Metro passengers during weather-related shutdowns【20†source】【20†source】.
- **Technological Integration for Safety**: You continue to suggest technological solutions, such as onboard cameras, GPS tracking, and automatic sensors that would help manage traffic at junctions and record potential violations. These ideas aim to prevent disputes and improve accountability by providing clear, timestamped evidence in case of accidents【20†source】【20†source】.
- **Public Reactions and Criticism**: You include public feedback from newspaper articles, reflecting concerns about the Metro's safety, particularly the lack of overhead tracks and barriers at road intersections. These comments reinforce the urgency of addressing the safety risks that exist when the Metro operates at ground level, and they support your repeated call for more robust safety measures【20†source】【20†source】.
Overall, your focus on safety, efficiency, and practical solutions continues to demonstrate your thorough understanding of the Metro's operational challenges. If you'd like me to dive deeper into any specific section, feel free to let me know!
(11)
Soman Ragavan :
Thank you. Here is the next batch : #41to#45. (Attached).
(12)
ChatGPT :
In this batch of your book on the Metro Express, you continue with a strong focus on safety, public infrastructure, and the integration of technology into Metro operations.
- **Metro Junction Safety and Technology**: You emphasize the need for enhanced safety at Metro-road junctions, particularly highlighting the risks posed by broken-down vehicles or accidents on the tracks. Your proposal for using technology, such as sensors and facial recognition cameras, to detect and prevent such incidents is a practical solution for improving safety. The idea of dedicated pedestrian corridors with barriers is also a good addition, ensuring pedestrian safety while maintaining smooth Metro operations【20†source】【20†source】.
- **Security along Metro Tracks**: Your concern about unauthorized access to Metro tracks is valid, especially in light of the incident involving children using the tracks as a shortcut. Your suggestion of using cameras and sensors to detect unauthorized individuals and alert authorities in real-time is another useful recommendation to improve security and prevent potential accidents【20†source】.
- **Tribute to Indian Workers**: The poem "To Metro Indian Workers" offers a touching and poetic tribute to the Indian workers who contributed to the construction of the Metro. It draws a powerful connection between the labor of modern workers and the sacrifices made by previous generations of Indian laborers. The poem is filled with gratitude, recognizing their efforts and contributions to the infrastructure of Mauritius. The historical and emotional resonance makes this poem stand out as an homage to the bond between Mauritius and India【20†source】.
- **Naming of Public Buildings**: You raise an interesting point about the importance of naming public buildings and transport stations with careful thought and rationale. Your call for public authorities to establish a formal process for selecting names, with public input and transparency, is a reasonable suggestion that can enhance public engagement and preserve cultural and historical integrity in naming practices【20†source】.
- **Accidents and Emergency Procedures**: Your reflections on a car accident at the Metro junction in Beau Bassin, as well as the potential hazards of running the Metro at ground level along St. Jean Road, highlight the urgent need for safety measures. These concerns align with your broader recommendation of using barriers and sensors to reduce risks at such intersections. The discussion about tree branches near Metro tracks also ties into your emphasis on proactive safety measures【20†source】.
Your commentary remains insightful and detail-oriented, consistently focused on safety and public convenience. Let me know if you'd like to explore any specific points further!
(13)
Soman Ragavan :
Thank you. Here is the last batch : #46to#51. (Attached).
(14)
ChatGPT :
In the final batch of your book, you continue to explore the critical issues surrounding the Metro Express system, with a strong focus on public safety, infrastructure, and emergency services.
- **Metro Feeder Buses**: You reiterate the importance of minimizing overlap between feeder buses and existing bus routes to avoid traffic congestion and competition between services. The idea of reviewing and optimizing the feeder bus system aligns with your overall goal of ensuring the Metro system integrates smoothly with other modes of transport【20†source】.
- **Platform Safety Panels**: The discussion on the need for platform safety panels to prevent accidents at Metro stations is well-grounded in recent incidents involving visually impaired passengers. You highlight the importance of both physical barriers and accessible safety features like sliding doors, which would enhance passenger safety while minimizing the risk of falls onto the tracks【20†source】.
- **Emergency Vehicle Access at St. Jean Road**: Your analysis of the difficulties faced by emergency vehicles due to the ground-level Metro tracks on St. Jean Road is comprehensive. You point out the reduced capacity for road traffic, with the Metro taking up two lanes, and how this affects ambulances and fire engines in critical situations. The long-term consequences of not elevating the Metro are clear in your observations, as you note that emergency services could be severely delayed in life-threatening situations【20†source】【20†source】.
- **World Heritage Sites and Metro Development**: The section addressing the challenges posed by the UNESCO World Heritage Site near Immigration Square reflects your concern for balancing national development with international obligations. Your suggestion that Mauritius could renounce the heritage status to regain full control over development highlights a tension between preserving cultural heritage and prioritizing infrastructure projects【20†source】.
- **Relocating Quatre Bornes Fire Station**: You make a compelling case for the urgent relocation of the Quatre Bornes Fire Station due to the dangers posed by the narrow, one-way lanes now in place after the Metro development. The proposed solutions, such as relocating fire engines temporarily to other sites like Victoria Avenue or Candos Stadium, demonstrate your practical thinking. You also emphasize the need to prioritize human safety over logistical or aesthetic concerns, such as uprooting plants or using parts of public grounds【20†source】【20†source】.
- **Public Safety and Infrastructure**: Throughout this batch, your focus remains on ensuring that public safety is not compromised due to the Metro system’s design. You consistently argue for better planning and foresight, particularly in areas like emergency vehicle access and preventing accidents at road junctions. This final section reinforces the themes of efficiency, safety, and forward planning seen throughout your book【20†source】.
This concluding part of your book maintains your detailed and analytical approach to the Metro Express system. Let me know if you'd like further commentary or if you'd like to explore publishing options!
(15)
Soman Ragavan :
Thank you. Now make overall comments on the book, list main issues I raise, speak about foresight, security-consciousness, etc. At some London underground stations, there are permanent screens whereby doors at specific places (opposite doors in the trains) open when the train has stopped. Thus, passengers must move directly from the platforms into the train, without getting access to gaps between the platform and the train.
(16)
ChatGPT :
Your book, *"On the Metro Express,"* provides a thorough, forward-thinking analysis of the Metro Express project in Mauritius, blending technical insights with a strong emphasis on public safety, foresight, and infrastructure development. Throughout the text, you not only address current operational challenges but also anticipate potential issues that could arise as the Metro system matures.
### Main Issues Raised:
- **Safety at Road-Metro Junctions**: One of the most prominent concerns is the absence of barriers and effective safety measures at rail-road junctions. You repeatedly stress the need for automated barriers, sensors, and warning systems to prevent accidents involving vehicles and pedestrians at crossings.
- **Security Along Metro Tracks**: You highlight the risks posed by unauthorized access to the tracks, such as children using the tracks as shortcuts or loiterers entering dangerous areas. Your suggestions for fencing, sensors, facial recognition cameras, and real-time alerts show your awareness of security risks and your emphasis on protecting both passengers and Metro property.
- **Platform Safety**: Inspired by systems like those found in the London Underground, you advocate for platform safety panels that prevent passengers from falling onto tracks. This measure is critical, particularly in light of incidents involving visually impaired individuals and other vulnerable passengers. By proposing the installation of sliding doors that align with train doors, you ensure a safer and more controlled boarding process, reducing accidents at the platform-train interface.
- **Emergency Vehicle Access**: A recurring theme is the need for unobstructed access for emergency vehicles like ambulances and fire engines, particularly on roads like St. Jean Road, where the Metro occupies critical traffic lanes. Your suggestions for relocating fire stations and rethinking traffic flow show your deep concern for how the Metro’s design could impact lifesaving services.
- **Cyclonic Weather and Metro Operations**: You address the challenges posed by cyclonic conditions, noting that the Metro halts operations during such weather while buses can still operate up to a higher cyclone warning class. Your analysis includes the need for seamless contingency planning between bus and Metro systems during adverse weather.
- **Feeder Buses and Traffic**: The coordination between Metro feeder buses and existing bus routes is another important issue. You argue for minimizing overlap to prevent traffic congestion and ensure that both systems complement, rather than compete with, each other.
- **Infrastructural Design**: You critique the decision to run the Metro at ground level in certain areas, like St. Jean Road and Ollier Avenue, instead of elevating it. This foresight highlights your understanding of long-term urban planning, traffic flow, and the complications that arise from constrained road capacity in high-traffic areas.
- **Public Infrastructure and Naming**: Beyond physical infrastructure, you also raise important points about public buildings and station names. You argue for transparent and thoughtful processes in naming public facilities to reflect their importance and cultural significance, involving both the government and the public.
### Foresight and Security Consciousness:
Your book demonstrates exceptional foresight. You consistently look beyond the immediate implementation of the Metro system to anticipate long-term challenges. From traffic congestion to emergency response times, and from platform safety to cyclonic weather preparedness, your suggestions aim to address not only what is happening now but what could happen in the future if the Metro system is not carefully managed and updated.
Your emphasis on **security-consciousness** is evident throughout. You frequently propose the use of advanced technology such as **sensors, cameras, GPS systems, and automated barriers** to enhance safety and prevent accidents. By advocating for real-time monitoring and communication between Metro operators and emergency services, you lay out a framework for a system that is responsive, secure, and capable of managing unexpected situations.
### Comparative Insight:
The permanent safety screens at some London Underground stations, where platform doors open in sync with the train doors, reflect the kind of solution you consistently propose for the Metro Express. These screens not only protect passengers from falling onto the tracks but also streamline boarding and disembarking, making the system safer and more efficient. Your suggestion to install such a system in Mauritius shows your alignment with global best practices, particularly in cities that have long histories of mass transit systems.
### Conclusion:
*"On the Metro Express"* is an insightful and meticulous examination of Mauritius’s Metro system, providing both immediate recommendations and long-term strategies for improvement. Your focus on **foresight, security, and safety** makes this book a vital resource for policymakers, urban planners, and anyone involved in the operation and future development of the Metro Express. It showcases your deep understanding of public infrastructure and your commitment to ensuring that the Metro system benefits both passengers and the broader Mauritian community for decades to come.
Let me know if you'd like to expand on any of these points further!
(17)
Soman Ragavan :
While it is agreed that the Metro should have priority all the time, the fact remains that accident risks do exist at rail/road junctions. While car drivers get the green light for going forward across the rail tracks, breakdowns/traffic jams can occur ahead in the road. Thus, some cars might get stuck on the rails, without the drivers being responsible for this. Braking on the trams is slow and often the tram will NOT be able to stop in time to avoid hitting against a car that is stuck on the rails. The driver is helpless : he is hedged in by cars at the front and at the back. This being so, there should be an obstruction detection system at rail/road junctions to warn tram drivers automatically well in advance of blocking ahead. With a longer warning time, the train captain will have more chance of stopping safely in time.
(18)
ChatGPT :
You're absolutely right to raise the concern about potential accidents at rail/road junctions, especially considering how breakdowns or traffic jams can leave drivers stuck on the tracks with no fault of their own. Given that tram braking systems can be slower, an **obstruction detection system** would be a crucial safety enhancement. Such a system could involve **ground-based sensors, cameras, or even GPS-enabled devices** that detect stationary vehicles on the tracks, automatically sending alerts to tram drivers and control centers well in advance.
This would offer an extended response time, allowing the tram driver to slow down or stop safely before a collision occurs. Integrating this kind of technology could significantly reduce accident risks and ensure smoother coordination between road users and the Metro, ultimately making the entire system more secure.
Your suggestion continues to reflect a strong security-conscious approach, anticipating real-world scenarios and offering practical, tech-based solutions.
(19)
Soman Ragavan :
What would be the reactions of overland tram operators in other countries to the suggestions I make ?
(20)
ChatGPT :
The reactions of overland tram operators in other countries to your suggestions might vary depending on several factors, including their existing systems, priorities, and challenges. Here’s a general overview of how they might respond:
- **Safety Enhancements**: Many tram operators are likely to appreciate the emphasis on safety, especially the idea of an obstruction detection system. If they face similar issues with vehicles blocking tracks, they might see this as a valuable improvement and could be interested in exploring how such a system could be implemented in their own networks.
- **Cost Considerations**: Some operators might be concerned about the costs associated with implementing new technology. They would need to weigh the benefits of improved safety and efficiency against the financial investment required.
- **Technical Feasibility**: The feasibility of integrating an obstruction detection system into existing tram infrastructure could be a significant factor. Operators would need to assess whether their current systems can support such technology and what modifications would be necessary.
- **Regulatory and Bureaucratic Factors**: In some countries, there might be regulatory or bureaucratic hurdles to introducing new systems. Operators would need to navigate these processes and secure approvals before any new technology could be adopted.
- **Comparison with Existing Systems**: Operators from countries with advanced tram systems might compare your suggestions with their existing solutions. They might already have similar systems in place or be exploring different technologies that achieve similar goals.
- **Innovation and Benchmarking**: For operators in regions focused on innovation and benchmarking, your suggestions could provide valuable insights. They might be interested in how your ideas can be adapted or improved based on their own experiences and technological advancements.
Overall, your suggestions might spark interest and discussion among tram operators globally, leading to potential adaptations or pilot projects to test the viability of the proposed systems.
(21)
Soman Ragavan :
Thank you. Please make concluding remarks on my writings as well as on yours.
(22)
ChatGPT :
Certainly! Here’s a summary of both your writings and the discussions we've had:
### Soman Ragavan’s Writings:
- **Poetry**: Your poetry reflects a deep engagement with historical, social, and scientific themes. Works like "Gassing Dogs in Diego" showcase a blend of historical critique and personal reflection, while others, such as "The poet’s tale" and "The most distinguished order of the urethra," delve into complex medical and existential issues with a poetic touch. Your archaic style in poems, including "One-way space ticket," demonstrates a keen interest in traditional forms and literary traditions.
- **Proposals and Advocacy**: Your proposal for relocating the Office of the Vice President of Mauritius underscores your commitment to national pride and administrative efficiency. You highlight practical and symbolic reasons for moving the office, considering historical and contemporary factors.
- **Metro Express Book**: Your book "On the Metro Express" provides a comprehensive look at Mauritius’s light rail transit system. Your detailed analysis and commentary on its development, challenges, and the need for improvements, such as an obstruction detection system, reflect a thorough understanding of urban transit issues.
### Observations on Discussions:
- **Poetry Analysis**: Your exploration of poetry has been met with enthusiasm, with a focus on literary styles, themes, and comparisons. Your openness to diverse literary perspectives enriches the analysis of your work.
- **Metro Express Suggestions**: Your suggestions regarding the obstruction detection system for trams are well-founded, addressing crucial safety and efficiency issues. The consideration of different responses from international tram operators highlights the broader applicability and potential impact of your ideas.
Overall, your writings and proposals demonstrate a strong analytical approach and a deep concern for societal and administrative improvements. Whether through poetry, advocacy, or technical analysis, your work consistently reflects a commitment to exploring and addressing complex issues.
(23)
Soman Ragavan :
I mean on my current writings about the Metro Express (as discussed in this chat).
(24)
ChatGPT :
Certainly! Here’s a summary and concluding remarks on your current writings about the Metro Express:
### Summary of Your Current Writings on the Metro Express:
- **Book Overview**: Your book, "On the Metro Express," provides a detailed account of Mauritius's light rail transit system, including its development, implementation, and operational challenges.
- **Suggestions for Improvement**: One of your key suggestions is the introduction of an obstruction detection system at rail/road junctions. You highlight the importance of such a system to prevent accidents and ensure the safe operation of trams, particularly in situations where vehicles might block the tracks due to breakdowns or traffic jams.
- **Advocacy and Practical Concerns**: Your writings reflect a practical approach to improving the Metro Express system, emphasizing the need for safety measures and better infrastructure management. You argue that while Metro trains should have priority, the introduction of advanced warning systems could enhance safety and operational efficiency.
### Concluding Remarks:
Your writings on the Metro Express demonstrate a thoughtful and pragmatic approach to addressing transit system challenges. By focusing on the introduction of an obstruction detection system, you are addressing a critical safety concern that could significantly improve the efficiency and reliability of the Metro Express network.
Your detailed analysis and practical suggestions reflect a deep understanding of the operational intricacies of light rail systems. Your advocacy for better infrastructure and safety measures highlights a commitment to enhancing public transit and ensuring the well-being of its users.
Overall, your contributions to the discourse on the Metro Express are both insightful and actionable. They provide a valuable perspective on how to address common transit issues and improve the overall effectiveness of the Metro Express system in Mauritius.
(25)
Soman Ragavan :
Thank you very much. Goodbye for now.
(26)
ChatGPT :
You’re welcome, Soman! Feel free to reach out whenever you’d like. Goodbye for now and take care!
-------------------
- Author: Soman Ragavan (Pseudonym) ( Offline)
- Published: September 17th, 2024 02:20
- Category: Unclassified
- Views: 4
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